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Tognolini, M., Barocelli, E., Ballabeni, V., Bruni, R., Bianchi, A., Chiavarini, M., and Impicciatore, M. Comparative screening of plant essential oils: phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity. Life Sci. 2-23-2006;78(13):1419-1432. View abstract. Pierce, Andrea. 1999. American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: Stonesong Press. P. 338–340. Of course nowadays it is used in cooking all round the world and is also used as a herbal remedy for a number of conditions. Liquorice is recognised as a tasty treat. It is part of many Eastern dishes, drinks and sweets and has been used traditionally in both Chinese and European medicine. Agbor GA, Oben JE, Ngogang JY, et al. Antioxidant capacity of some herbs/spices from cameroon: a comparative study of two methods. J Agric Food Chem 2005;53:6819-24. . View abstract. Schaefer, A., Kehr, M. S., Giannetti, B. M., Bulitta, M., & Staiger, C. (2016, September 1). A randomized, controlled, double-blind, multi-center trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a liquid containing ivy leaves dry extract (EA 575(®)) vs. placebo in the treatment of adults with acute cough. Pharmazie, 71(9), 504–509.
Seibel J, et al. (2018). In vivo and in vitroinvestigation of anti-inflammatory and mucus-regulatory activities of a fixed combination of thyme and primula extracts. Gulyas, A., Repges, R., & Dethlefsen, U. (1997). Therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in children. Atemwegs- Lungenkr, 23(5), 291–294. Change in symptoms urge to cough, sputum quantity, sputum consistency, ease of expectoration on a scale (1–4), Global assessment of efficacy (AD, AP)
Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) obtained from DSMZ (No. ACC 305) were cultivated in DMEM medium (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) supplemented with 100 units/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, and 10% fetal calf serum. Cells were maintained by five-to ten-fold dilutions with fresh medium every 3–4 days. Be cautious with this combination • Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs) interacts with THYME Extract preparations of common ivy ( Hedera helix L.) are widely used for the treatment of respiratory tract diseases associated with coughing [ 4, 5, 6]. Ivy for medicinal use is mainly obtained from eastern european countries. α-Hederin, one of the saponins identified in ivy leaves dried extracts, indirectly inhibits the GRK2-mediated phosphorylation of β 2AR in human airways smooth muscle (HASM) cells [ 7]. Since this phosphorylation process is required for receptor internalization, the β 2AR density on the cell surface of α-hederin treated cells is still high even under stimulation conditions. As a result, the elevated β 2-adrenergic responsiveness of α-hederin pre-treated HASM and alveolar type 2 (A549) cells was confirmed by increased β 2AR binding and enhanced cAMP-levels [ 8]. In addition to pure ivy leaves dried extract preparations, fixed fluid extract combinations of thyme herb and ivy leaves are used for the treatment of acute bronchitis and common cold with concomitant cough and viscous mucus [ 9, 10]. For a thyme extract, a comparatively weak direct interaction with β 2AR was described. In addition, an indirect modulatory effect on β 2AR was found, but the molecular mechanism was not further clarified [ 11]. Therefore, it can be assumed that α-hederin mediated inhibition of receptor internalization leads to an increased number of β 2AR, which can be activated and modulated by ingredients of the thyme fluid extract. Thus, the β 2-adrenergic signaling of an ivy/thyme combination could be superior to a pure ivy preparation. Influences of an ivy preparation and an ivy/thyme combination on the β 2AR binding and the formation of the corresponding second messenger cAMP using the same cell system have never been compared directly. Schönknecht, K., Fal, A. M., Mastalerz-Migas, A., Joachimiak, M., & Doniec, Z. (2017). Efficacy of dry extract of ivy leaves in the treatment of productive cough. Wiadomosci Lekarskie, 70(6 pt 1), 1026–1033. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316529367_Using_of_endophytic_Saccharomycopsis_fibuligera_and_thyme_oil_for_management_of_gray_mold_rot_of_guava_fruits
Measuring the efficacy of therapies for acute URTIs and bronchitis is challenging as symptoms typically recede after 5–11 days, regardless of intervention [ 27]. Correspondingly, the clinical condition of participants improved in both treatment and comparison groups. Values for the minimal clinically important difference (MID), or the smallest change perceived by patients as important, are available for two of the tools used to measure cough severity in the studies in our review: 17 mm for the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and 2 points for the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ, Online Resource 2) [ 28]. One RCT reported VAS differences of 11.1 and 17.9 mm between treatment and placebo groups at day 3 and at the end of the treatment period, respectively [ 23]. Based on the MID, the effect of ivy leaf treatment at 3 days was likely too small to be perceived as important by patients but the difference after 7 days was potentially clinically noticeable. The CCT reported an LCQ difference of 4.3 at the end of the treatment period, indicating a potentially clinically noticeable difference [ 26].
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Al-Snafi, D. A. E. (2018). Pharmacological and therapeutic activities of Hedera helix – A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 8, 41–53. Vigo E, Cepeda A, Gualillo O, Perez-Fernandez R. In-vitro anti-inflammatory effect of Eucalyptus globulus and Thymus vulgaris: nitric oxide inhibition in J774A.1 murine macrophages. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004;56:257-63. View abstract. The human lung carcinoma cell line A549 obtained from DSMZ was cultivated in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, and 10 % fetal calf serum (all Gibco by Life Technologies, Darmstadt, Germany). For FCS experiments cells were seeded in a density of 1.7–3.4 × 10 4 cells/cm 2 on heat-sterilized glass coverslips (#1, ∅18 mm, VWR International GmbH, Langenfeld, Germany) and maintained in 12x multi-well chambers (Nunc, Langenselbold, Germany) at 37 °C and 5% CO 2. Cells were used for FCS experiments after three to four days in culture at 80–90 % confluency.
Bronchoforce may be taken by people suffering from asthma. However, please bear in mind the following: Do not use in case of hypersensitivity to any component of the syrup. How to use Ivex syrup, ivy, thyme and marshmallow: Do not use if you are hypersensitive to ivy, thyme or liquorice or to any of the other ingredients present in Bronchoforce. Do not use if you are already using another product containing liquorice (eg. liquorice confectionery / sweets). If your symptoms worsen or persist for more than one week, a doctor or qualified practitioner should be consulted. If you are short of breath, or experiencing fever, see a doctor. If your sputum is foul smelling, see a doctor. Liquorice confectionery or medicines should be used with caution in those suffering from high blood pressure, kidney, liver or heart disease and those suffering from a low potassium level in their blood. Bronchoforce may be taken by people suffering from asthma. However, please bear in mind the following: Giordani R, Regli P, Kaloustian J, et al. Antifungal effect of various essential oils against Candida albicans. Potentiation of antifungal action of amphotericin B by essential oil from Thymus vulgaris. Phytother Res 2004;18:990-5. . View abstract.
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Knols G, Stal PC, and Van Ree JW. Productive coughing complaints: Sirupus Thymi or Bromhexine? A double-blind randomized study. Huisarts en Wetenschap 1994;37:392-394. Change of median symptom score for urge to cough, sputum consistency and ease of expectoration 3 → 1, for sputum quantity Anderson C, Lis-Balchin M, Kirk-Smith M. Evaluation of massage with essential oils on childhood atopic eczema. Phytother Res 2000;14(6):452-6. View abstract.
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